Average Error: 36.8 → 13.8
Time: 1.7m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2432
\[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;(\left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \cdot \left((\left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \cdot \varepsilon + \varepsilon)_*\right) + \varepsilon)_* \le -3.2780108087147173 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left(\frac{\tan \varepsilon + \tan x}{{1}^{3} - {\left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right)}^{3}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) + \tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) + 1\right) + \left(-\tan x\right))_*\\ \mathbf{if}\;(\left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \cdot \left((\left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \cdot \varepsilon + \varepsilon)_*\right) + \varepsilon)_* \le 426.13810060817195:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \cdot \left((\left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \cdot \varepsilon + \varepsilon)_*\right) + \varepsilon)_*\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left(\tan \varepsilon + \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 - \tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x}\right) + \left(-\tan x\right))_*\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Target

Original36.8
Target15.2
Herbie13.8
\[\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (fma (* x eps) (fma (* x eps) eps eps) eps) < -3.2780108087147173e-15

    1. Initial program 33.4

      \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied tan-sum8.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
    4. Using strategy rm
    5. Applied flip3--8.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\frac{{1}^{3} - {\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}{1 \cdot 1 + \left(\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) + 1 \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)\right)}}} - \tan x\]
    6. Applied associate-/r/8.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{{1}^{3} - {\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}^{3}} \cdot \left(1 \cdot 1 + \left(\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) + 1 \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)\right)\right)} - \tan x\]
    7. Applied fma-neg8.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{{1}^{3} - {\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}\right) \cdot \left(1 \cdot 1 + \left(\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) + 1 \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)\right)\right) + \left(-\tan x\right))_*}\]

    if -3.2780108087147173e-15 < (fma (* x eps) (fma (* x eps) eps eps) eps) < 426.13810060817195

    1. Initial program 41.0

      \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
    2. Taylor expanded around 0 23.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon + \left({\varepsilon}^{3} \cdot {x}^{2} + {\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot x\right)}\]
    3. Applied simplify22.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(x \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left((\left(x \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \varepsilon + \varepsilon)_*\right) + \varepsilon)_*}\]

    if 426.13810060817195 < (fma (* x eps) (fma (* x eps) eps eps) eps)

    1. Initial program 34.3

      \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied tan-sum8.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
    4. Using strategy rm
    5. Applied div-inv8.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
    6. Applied fma-neg8.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}\right) + \left(-\tan x\right))_*}\]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Applied simplify13.8

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;(\left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \cdot \left((\left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \cdot \varepsilon + \varepsilon)_*\right) + \varepsilon)_* \le -3.2780108087147173 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left(\frac{\tan \varepsilon + \tan x}{{1}^{3} - {\left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right)}^{3}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) + \tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) + 1\right) + \left(-\tan x\right))_*\\ \mathbf{if}\;(\left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \cdot \left((\left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \cdot \varepsilon + \varepsilon)_*\right) + \varepsilon)_* \le 426.13810060817195:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \cdot \left((\left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \cdot \varepsilon + \varepsilon)_*\right) + \varepsilon)_*\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;(\left(\tan \varepsilon + \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 - \tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x}\right) + \left(-\tan x\right))_*\\ \end{array}}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 1.7m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed '#(1070578969 3140398606 632207097 462683394 1189254563 964980650)' +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))

  (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))