Average Error: 37.2 → 0.5
Time: 1.3m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2432
\[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
\[\left((\left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{\frac{\cos x}{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}} \cdot {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3}}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}} \cdot {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3}}\right))_* + (\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}} \cdot {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3}}\right) + \left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}}{1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}} \cdot {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3}}\right))_*\right) + \left({\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}} \cdot {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3}} - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} - \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}} \cdot {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3}}\right)\right)\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Target

Original37.2
Target15.5
Herbie0.5
\[\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 37.2

    \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
  2. Using strategy rm
  3. Applied tan-sum21.5

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
  4. Using strategy rm
  5. Applied flip3--21.5

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\frac{{1}^{3} - {\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}{1 \cdot 1 + \left(\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) + 1 \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)\right)}}} - \tan x\]
  6. Applied associate-/r/21.5

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{{1}^{3} - {\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}^{3}} \cdot \left(1 \cdot 1 + \left(\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) + 1 \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)\right)\right)} - \tan x\]
  7. Applied fma-neg21.5

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{{1}^{3} - {\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}\right) \cdot \left(1 \cdot 1 + \left(\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) + 1 \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)\right)\right) + \left(-\tan x\right))_*}\]
  8. Taylor expanded around inf 21.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot \sin x}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{2}}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left({\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\left(\cos x\right)}^{3} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}\right)} + \frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot \left({\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}\]
  9. Applied simplify0.5

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{1 - {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}}\right))_* + \left((\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + \left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3} \cdot \left(1 - {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3}} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin x\right)}{1 - {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}} + \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}}\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)\right)}\]
  10. Taylor expanded around -inf 0.5

    \[\leadsto (\left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{1 - {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}}\right))_* + \left((\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + \left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3} \cdot \left(1 - {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}\right)}\right))_* + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}\right)} + \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot \left({\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}\right)\right)}\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}\right)\]
  11. Applied simplify0.5

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left((\left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{\frac{\cos x}{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}} \cdot {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3}}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}} \cdot {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3}}\right))_* + (\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}} \cdot {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3}}\right) + \left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}}{1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}} \cdot {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3}}\right))_*\right) + \left({\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}} \cdot {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3}} - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} - \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}} \cdot {\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}^{3}}\right)\right)}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 1.3m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed '#(1070355188 2193211668 3977393919 3454156579 3755371326 1656365382)' +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))

  (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))