Average Error: 39.5 → 0.8
Time: 38.0s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2432
\[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -0.18418832849929617:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\\ \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le 1.3414967448909493 \cdot 10^{-08}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon + \left(x + x\right)}{2}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes

  2. if eps < -0.18418832849929617 or 1.3414967448909493e-08 < eps

    1. Initial program 29.9

      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied cos-sum1.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]

    if -0.18418832849929617 < eps < 1.3414967448909493e-08

    1. Initial program 49.1

      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied diff-cos37.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]

    4. Applied simplify0.5

      \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon + \left(x + x\right)}{2}\right)\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

Runtime

Time bar (total: 38.0s)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed '#(1070258749 1877548225 2229079127 1588002776 3179087814 1886870650)' 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2cos (problem 3.3.5)"
  (- (cos (+ x eps)) (cos x)))