Average Error: 16.9 → 3.9
Time: 1.5m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 1920
\[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]
\[\cos^{-1} \left(\log_* (1 + (e^{(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left((\left(\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2\right) + \left(\sin \lambda_2 \cdot \sin \lambda_1\right))_*\right) + \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\right))_*} - 1)^*)\right) \cdot R\]

Error

Bits error versus R

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Derivation

  1. Initial program 16.9

    \[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]
  2. Applied simplify16.9

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*\right) \cdot R}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied sub-neg16.9

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 + \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*\right) \cdot R\]
  5. Applied cos-sum3.8

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) - \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)} + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*\right) \cdot R\]
  6. Applied simplify3.8

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2} - \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*\right) \cdot R\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied log1p-expm1-u3.9

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\log_* (1 + (e^{(\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*} - 1)^*)\right)} \cdot R\]
  9. Applied simplify3.9

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\log_* (1 + \color{blue}{(e^{(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left((\left(\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2\right) + \left(\sin \lambda_2 \cdot \sin \lambda_1\right))_*\right) + \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\right))_*} - 1)^*})\right) \cdot R\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 1.5m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed '#(1070100504 930361288 1279167582 284574201 1450237281 2578255382)' +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Spherical law of cosines"
  (* (acos (+ (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))) R))