Average Error: 37.5 → 19.5
Time: 3.4m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 1408
\[R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 - \phi_1 \le -1.5289079728208966 \cdot 10^{+127}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 - \phi_1 \le 4.45203323642901 \cdot 10^{+126}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus R

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Derivation

  1. Split input into 3 regimes

  2. if (- phi2 phi1) < -1.5289079728208966e+127

    1. Initial program 55.2

      \[R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied add-cbrt-cube55.2

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)}}\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    4. Applied simplify55.2

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}}\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]
    5. Using strategy rm

    6. Applied add-cbrt-cube55.2

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    7. Applied simplify55.2

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    8. Taylor expanded around 0 15.0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    if -1.5289079728208966e+127 < (- phi2 phi1) < 4.45203323642901e+126

    1. Initial program 23.1

      \[R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied add-cbrt-cube23.1

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)}}\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    4. Applied simplify23.1

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}}\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]
    5. Using strategy rm

    6. Applied add-cbrt-cube23.1

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    7. Applied simplify23.1

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    if 4.45203323642901e+126 < (- phi2 phi1)

    1. Initial program 55.6

      \[R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    2. Taylor expanded around 0 14.7

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

Runtime

Time bar (total: 3.4m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed '#(1064300848 3212030778 2049303162 3567222883 2277747821 1384278011)' 
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Equirectangular approximation to distance on a great circle"
  (* R (sqrt (+ (* (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2))) (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2)))) (* (- phi1 phi2) (- phi1 phi2))))))