Average Error: 16.4 → 3.7
Time: 2.7m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 1920
\[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]
\[\cos^{-1} \left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \left(-\lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot R\]

Error

Bits error versus R

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Derivation

  1. Initial program 16.4

    \[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]
  2. Using strategy rm
  3. Applied sub-neg16.4

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 + \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot R\]
  4. Applied cos-sum3.7

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \left(-\lambda_2\right) - \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot R\]
  5. Applied simplify3.7

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2} - \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot R\]
  6. Taylor expanded around 0 3.7

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos^{-1} \left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \left(-\lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_1\right)\right)\right)} \cdot R\]
  7. Removed slow pow expressions.

Runtime

Time bar (total: 2.7m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed '#(1063185673 2139736501 2393378123 1907444849 1070993796 1007244912)' 
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Spherical law of cosines"
  (* (acos (+ (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))) R))