Average Error: 39.9 → 1.5
Time: 51.1s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2432
\[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -1.150392034090353 \cdot 10^{+38}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le 0.008758738808044623:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon + \left(x + x\right)}{2}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if eps < -1.150392034090353e+38 or 0.008758738808044623 < eps

    1. Initial program 30.2

      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied cos-sum0.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]
    4. Applied associate--l-0.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)}\]

    if -1.150392034090353e+38 < eps < 0.008758738808044623

    1. Initial program 48.3

      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied diff-cos38.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    4. Applied simplify2.2

      \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon + \left(x + x\right)}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    5. Using strategy rm
    6. Applied associate-*r*2.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon + \left(x + x\right)}{2}\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Removed slow pow expressions.

Runtime

Time bar (total: 51.1s)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed '#(1063154770 1824007522 645063331 41291047 494775821 1237684644)' 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2cos (problem 3.3.5)"
  (- (cos (+ x eps)) (cos x)))