Average Error: 39.6 → 0.7
Time: 3.3m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2432
\[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -9.37597390527974 \cdot 10^{-08}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\\ \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le 4.740336461885289 \cdot 10^{-05}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon + \left(x + x\right)}{2}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Derivation

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if eps < -9.37597390527974e-08

    1. Initial program 29.8

      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied cos-sum1.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]

    if -9.37597390527974e-08 < eps < 4.740336461885289e-05

    1. Initial program 49.4

      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied diff-cos37.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    4. Applied simplify0.4

      \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon + \left(x + x\right)}{2}\right)\right)}\]

    if 4.740336461885289e-05 < eps

    1. Initial program 30.4

      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied cos-sum0.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]
    4. Applied associate--l-0.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Removed slow pow expressions.

Runtime

Time bar (total: 3.3m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed '#(1063027428 1192549564 1443466578 604016274 3637110559 1698629644)' 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2cos (problem 3.3.5)"
  (- (cos (+ x eps)) (cos x)))