\[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
Test:
NMSE problem 3.3.5
Bits:
128 bits
Bits error versus x
Bits error versus eps
Time: 10.3 s
Input Error: 17.9
Output Error: 2.9
Log: ⚲
Profile: 🕒
\(\begin{cases} \sqrt[3]{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)\right)}^3} & \text{when } \varepsilon \le -1.46743505f-05 \\ \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{6}\right) \cdot {x}^3 - \varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x\right) & \text{when } \varepsilon \le 7.841241f-10 \\ {\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^{1} - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right) & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\)

    if eps < -1.46743505f-05

    1. Started with
      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
      14.7
    2. Using strategy rm
      14.7
    3. Applied cos-sum to get
      \[\color{red}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]
      1.6
    4. Applied associate--l- to get
      \[\color{red}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \cos x} \leadsto \color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)}\]
      1.6
    5. Using strategy rm
      1.6
    6. Applied add-cbrt-cube to get
      \[\color{red}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)} \leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)\right)}^3}}\]
      1.6

    if -1.46743505f-05 < eps < 7.841241f-10

    1. Started with
      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
      21.4
    2. Applied taylor to get
      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x \leadsto \frac{1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{3}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^2 + \varepsilon \cdot x\right)\]
      3.7
    3. Taylor expanded around 0 to get
      \[\color{red}{\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{3}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^2 + \varepsilon \cdot x\right)} \leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{3}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^2 + \varepsilon \cdot x\right)}\]
      3.7
    4. Applied simplify to get
      \[\color{red}{\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{3}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^2 + \varepsilon \cdot x\right)} \leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{6}\right) \cdot {x}^3 - \varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x\right)}\]
      3.7

    if 7.841241f-10 < eps

    1. Started with
      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
      17.0
    2. Using strategy rm
      17.0
    3. Applied cos-sum to get
      \[\color{red}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]
      3.0
    4. Applied associate--l- to get
      \[\color{red}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \cos x} \leadsto \color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)}\]
      3.0
    5. Using strategy rm
      3.0
    6. Applied pow1 to get
      \[\cos x \cdot \color{red}{\cos \varepsilon} - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right) \leadsto \cos x \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{1}} - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)\]
      3.0
    7. Applied pow1 to get
      \[\color{red}{\cos x} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{1} - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right) \leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{1}} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{1} - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)\]
      3.0
    8. Applied pow-prod-down to get
      \[\color{red}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{1} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{1}} - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right) \leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^{1}} - \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos x\right)\]
      3.1
  1. Removed slow pow expressions

Original test:


(lambda ((x default) (eps default))
  #:name "NMSE problem 3.3.5"
  (- (cos (+ x eps)) (cos x)))