Profiling results ----------------- Total cpu time observed: 31794ms (out of 32736ms) Number of samples taken: 127 (once every 250ms) (Hiding functions with self<1.0% and local<2.0%: 1 of 103 hidden) ====================================================================== Caller Idx Total Self Name+src Local% ms(pct) ms(pct) Callee ====================================================================== ??? [31] 100.0% [1] 30960(97.4%) 0(0.0%) profile-thunk14 ...t/pkgs/profile-lib/main.rkt:9:0 run [6] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [31] 100.0% [2] 6652(20.9%) 0(0.0%) run-improve58 ...ock/herbie/src/mainloop.rkt:242:0 for-loop [7] 54.8% finalize-table! [9] 36.3% loop [39] 6.0% setup-prog [10] 2.9% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- simplify-alt [15] 8.8% ??? [31] 91.2% [3] 2224(7.0%) 0(0.0%) simplify ...lock/herbie/src/core/simplify.rkt:39:0 simplify-expr [8] 80.4% iterate-egraph!5 [12] 19.6% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- loop [62] 100.0% [4] 1192(3.7%) 0(0.0%) completely-simplify-alt ...erbie/src/glue.rkt:87:0 simplify-expr [8] 83.6% debug7 [81] 16.4% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- loop [5] 50.0% location-do [48] 50.0% [5] 210(0.7%) 0(0.0%) loop /home/ztatlock/herbie/src/programs.rkt:137:4 loop [5] 50.0% approximate9 [55] 50.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- profile-thunk14 [1] 100.0% [6] 30960(97.4%) 0(0.0%) run ...share/racket/pkgs/profile-lib/main.rkt:31:2 ??? [31] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- run-improve58 [2] 100.0% [7] 3642(11.5%) 0(0.0%) for-loop ...ztatlock/herbie/src/mainloop.rkt:253:8 run-iter! [11] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- completely-simplify-alt [4] 35.8% simplify [3] 64.2% [8] 2784(8.8%) 0(0.0%) simplify-expr ...herbie/src/core/simplify.rkt:68:0 iterate-egraph!5 [12] 92.8% loop [14] 7.2% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- run-improve58 [2] 100.0% [9] 2416(7.6%) 0(0.0%) finalize-table! ...k/herbie/src/mainloop.rkt:264:0 post-process [13] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- run-improve58 [2] 100.0% [10] 196(0.6%) 0(0.0%) setup-prog /home/ztatlock/herbie/src/glue.rkt:46:0 simplify-alt [15] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- for-loop [7] 100.0% [11] 3642(11.5%) 0(0.0%) run-iter! ...tatlock/herbie/src/mainloop.rkt:223:0 simplify! [17] 61.1% finalize-iter! [18] 28.0% gen-series! [20] 10.9% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- simplify [3] 14.4% simplify-expr [8] 85.6% [12] 3020(9.5%) 0(0.0%) iterate-egraph!5 ...bie/src/core/simplify.rkt:95:0 one-iter [16] 93.4% map-enodes [23] 6.6% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- finalize-table! [9] 100.0% [13] 2416(7.6%) 0(0.0%) post-process .../ztatlock/herbie/src/glue.rkt:95:0 loop [62] 49.3% for-loop [19] 25.2% ??? [26] 16.4% localize-error [21] 9.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- simplify-expr [8] 100.0% [14] 200(0.6%) 0(0.0%) loop ...tatlock/herbie/src/core/simplify.rkt:203:2 pass [22] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- setup-prog [10] 100.0% [15] 196(0.6%) 0(0.0%) simplify-alt .../ztatlock/herbie/src/glue.rkt:84:0 simplify [3] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- iterate-egraph!5 [12] 100.0% [16] 2822(8.9%) 198(0.6%) one-iter ...ock/herbie/src/core/simplify.rkt:106:0 for-loop [24] 78.9% loop [28] 14.1% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- run-iter! [11] 100.0% [17] 2226(7.0%) 0(0.0%) simplify! ...tatlock/herbie/src/mainloop.rkt:162:0 for-loop [25] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- run-iter! [11] 100.0% [18] 1020(3.2%) 0(0.0%) finalize-iter! ...ck/herbie/src/mainloop.rkt:177:0 ??? [26] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- post-process [13] 100.0% [19] 610(1.9%) 0(0.0%) for-loop /home/ztatlock/herbie/src/glue.rkt:119:17 append-map [27] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- run-iter! [11] 100.0% [20] 396(1.2%) 0(0.0%) gen-series! ...tlock/herbie/src/mainloop.rkt:134:0 for-loop [29] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- post-process [13] 100.0% [21] 218(0.7%) 0(0.0%) localize-error ...erbie/src/core/localize.rkt:47:0 hash-ref! [63] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- loop [14] 100.0% [22] 200(0.6%) 0(0.0%) pass ...tatlock/herbie/src/core/simplify.rkt:193:2 for-loop [30] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- iterate-egraph!5 [12] 100.0% [23] 198(0.6%) 0(0.0%) map-enodes ...ock/herbie/src/core/egraph.rkt:139:0 loop [62] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- for-loop [24] 50.0% one-iter [16] 50.0% [24] 2226(7.0%) 800(2.5%) for-loop ...ck/herbie/src/core/simplify.rkt:116:12 for-loop [24] 50.0% match-e [32] 32.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- simplify! [17] 100.0% [25] 2226(7.0%) 0(0.0%) for-loop ...ztatlock/herbie/src/mainloop.rkt:166:6 ??? [31] 91.1% debug-print [77] 8.9% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- post-process [13] 28.0% finalize-iter! [18] 72.0% [26] 1416(4.5%) 0(0.0%) ??? ...contract/private/arrow-val-first.rkt:357:18 for-loop [33] 84.5% atab-add-altns [36] 15.5% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- f37 [79] 16.4% for-loop [19] 83.6% [27] 610(1.9%) 0(0.0%) append-map ...acket/collects/racket/list.rkt:565:2 taylor-alt [34] 83.6% free-variables [38] 16.4% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- one-iter [16] 100.0% [28] 398(1.3%) 0(0.0%) loop ...cket/collects/racket/private/map.rkt:53:19 apply-match [35] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- gen-series! [20] 100.0% [29] 396(1.2%) 0(0.0%) for-loop ...ztatlock/herbie/src/mainloop.rkt:140:7 taylor-alt [34] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- pass [22] 100.0% [30] 200(0.6%) 0(0.0%) for-loop ...ck/herbie/src/core/simplify.rkt:196:29 for-loop [37] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- for-loop [25] 2.3% run [6] 48.4% [31] 31374(98.7%) 0(0.0%) ??? ...lects/racket/private/more-scheme.rkt:261:28 profile-thunk14 [1] 48.4% loop [39] 39.7% run-improve58 [2] 9.6% simplify [3] 2.3% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- for-loop [24] 100.0% [32] 1426(4.5%) 836(2.6%) match-e ...tatlock/herbie/src/core/ematch.rkt:46:0 for-loop [43] 13.9% list-cartesian-product [44] 13.7% constant? [45] 13.7% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [26] 100.0% [33] 1196(3.8%) 0(0.0%) for-loop ...ock/herbie/src/core/alt-table.rkt:51:2 atab-add-altn [40] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- for-loop [29] 39.4% append-map [27] 60.6% [34] 1006(3.2%) 0(0.0%) taylor-alt ...e/ztatlock/herbie/src/glue.rkt:142:0 for-loop [41] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- loop [28] 100.0% [35] 398(1.3%) 0(0.0%) apply-match .../herbie/src/core/simplify.rkt:122:2 merge-egraph-nodes! [42] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [26] 100.0% [36] 220(0.7%) 0(0.0%) atab-add-altns ...rbie/src/core/alt-table.rkt:50:0 atab-add-altn [40] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- for-loop [30] 100.0% [37] 200(0.6%) 200(0.6%) for-loop ...ck/herbie/src/core/simplify.rkt:183:13 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- append-map [27] 100.0% [38] 200(0.6%) 200(0.6%) free-variables ...ock/herbie/src/programs.rkt:89:0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- run-improve58 [2] 1.6% ??? [31] 98.4% [39] 25120(79.0%) 0(0.0%) loop /home/ztatlock/herbie/src/points.rkt:122:2 loop [46] 47.3% make-exacts* [52] 33.7% loop [53] 19.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- atab-add-altns [36] 15.5% for-loop [33] 84.5% [40] 1416(4.5%) 0(0.0%) atab-add-altn ...rbie/src/core/alt-table.rkt:208:0 best-and-tied-at-points [47] 72.2% override-at-pnts [50] 27.8% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- taylor-alt [34] 100.0% [41] 1006(3.2%) 0(0.0%) for-loop /home/ztatlock/herbie/src/glue.rkt:144:2 location-do [48] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- merge-egraph-nodes! [42] 25.1% apply-match [35] 74.9% [42] 398(1.3%) 0(0.0%) merge-egraph-nodes! ...e/src/core/egraph.rkt:152:0 update-leader! [49] 74.9% merge-egraph-nodes! [42] 25.1% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- match-e [32] 100.0% [43] 198(0.6%) 0(0.0%) for-loop ...tlock/herbie/src/core/ematch.rkt:59:11 curry* [51] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- match-e [32] 100.0% [44] 196(0.6%) 196(0.6%) list-cartesian-product ...src/core/ematch.rkt:20:0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- match-e [32] 100.0% [45] 196(0.6%) 196(0.6%) constant? ...ck/herbie/src/syntax/syntax.rkt:221:0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- loop [39] 100.0% [46] 11870(37.3%) 0(0.0%) loop /home/ztatlock/herbie/src/points.rkt:93:2 loop [53] 59.0% make-exacts* [52] 39.4% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- atab-add-altn [40] 100.0% [47] 1022(3.2%) 0(0.0%) best-and-tied-at-points ...ore/alt-table.rkt:122:0 errors [54] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- location-do [48] 47.0% for-loop [41] 53.0% [48] 1006(3.2%) 0(0.0%) location-do ...tlock/herbie/src/programs.rkt:129:0 location-do [48] 47.0% approximate9 [55] 46.1% loop [5] 7.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- merge-egraph-nodes! [42] 100.0% [49] 398(1.3%) 0(0.0%) update-leader! ...herbie/src/core/egraph.rkt:217:0 for-loop [56] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- atab-add-altn [40] 100.0% [50] 394(1.2%) 0(0.0%) override-at-pnts ...e/src/core/alt-table.rkt:145:0 errors [54] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- for-loop [43] 100.0% [51] 198(0.6%) 0(0.0%) curry* ...racket/collects/racket/function.rkt:44:2 procedure-arity [57] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- loop [46] 35.6% loop [39] 64.4% [52] 13150(41.4%) 0(0.0%) make-exacts* ...tatlock/herbie/src/points.rkt:80:0 loop [62] 53.2% map [58] 46.8% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- loop [39] 40.6% loop [46] 59.4% [53] 11774(37.0%) 0(0.0%) loop /home/ztatlock/herbie/src/points.rkt:83:4 map [58] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- override-at-pnts [50] 27.8% best-and-tied-at-points [47] 72.2% [54] 1416(4.5%) 0(0.0%) errors /home/ztatlock/herbie/src/points.rkt:144:0 for-loop [59] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- loop [5] 20.9% location-do [48] 79.1% [55] 1006(3.2%) 0(0.0%) approximate9 ...ck/herbie/src/core/taylor.rkt:11:0 loop [60] 80.3% taylor [71] 19.7% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- update-leader! [49] 100.0% [56] 398(1.3%) 0(0.0%) for-loop ...tlock/herbie/src/core/egraph.rkt:222:6 for-loop [61] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- curry* [51] 100.0% [57] 198(0.6%) 198(0.6%) procedure-arity ...ket/private/norm-arity.rkt:7:27 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- f37 [79] 1.1% make-exacts* [52] 34.0% loop [53] 64.9% [58] 18130(57.0%) 0(0.0%) map ...acket/collects/racket/private/map.rkt:21:13 loop [62] 97.5% ??? [65] 1.4% parse-loop12 [69] 1.1% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- errors [54] 100.0% [59] 1416(4.5%) 198(0.6%) for-loop ...e/ztatlock/herbie/src/points.rkt:147:4 ??? [65] 86.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- approximate9 [55] 100.0% [60] 808(2.5%) 0(0.0%) loop ...e/ztatlock/herbie/src/core/taylor.rkt:82:4 hash-ref! [63] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- for-loop [56] 100.0% [61] 398(1.3%) 0(0.0%) for-loop ...tlock/herbie/src/core/egraph.rkt:223:8 hash-update! [64] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- map-enodes [23] 0.0% make-exacts* [52] 0.3% f37 [79] 0.8% post-process [13] 1.2% ??? [65] 1.7% map [58] 1.7% loop [62] 94.4% [62] 26486(83.3%) 2206(6.9%) loop ...cket/collects/racket/private/map.rkt:26:19 loop [62] 94.4% ??? [65] 1.9% completely-simplify-alt [4] 1.2% ->flonum [85] 0.8% simplify [68] 0.8% ??? [96] 0.4% real->bigfloat [76] 0.1% ...e/case-arrow.rkt:150:50 [67] 0.0% for-loop [74] 0.0% new [78] 0.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [73] 2.8% taylor-sqrt [72] 4.9% loop [60] 16.6% localize-error [21] 21.2% ??? [66] 54.5% [63] 1026(3.2%) 0(0.0%) hash-ref! ...racket/private/more-scheme.rkt:373:13 ??? [66] 54.5% parse-loop12 [69] 21.2% simplify [68] 7.7% f37 [79] 5.1% taylor-sqrt [72] 4.9% taylor [71] 3.9% ??? [73] 2.8% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- for-loop [61] 100.0% [64] 398(1.3%) 0(0.0%) hash-update! ...ket/private/more-scheme.rkt:362:13 ??? [70] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- map [58] 1.0% for-loop [59] 4.7% loop [62] 94.4% [65] 26142(82.2%) 696(2.2%) ??? /home/ztatlock/herbie/src/programs.rkt:168:4 loop [62] 43.7% ??? [75] 39.4% real->bigfloat [76] 11.7% ??? [96] 1.0% new [78] 0.8% ->flonum [85] 0.8% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- hash-ref! [63] 100.0% [66] 808(2.5%) 0(0.0%) ??? ...e/ztatlock/herbie/src/core/taylor.rkt:63:15 hash-ref! [63] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- loop [62] 100.0% [67] 726(2.3%) 726(2.3%) ...e/case-arrow.rkt:150:50 (unknown source) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- loop [62] 34.4% hash-ref! [63] 65.6% [68] 610(1.9%) 0(0.0%) simplify ...atlock/herbie/src/core/reduce.rkt:18:0 f37 [79] 67.2% debug7 [81] 32.8% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- map [58] 47.8% hash-ref! [63] 52.2% [69] 418(1.3%) 0(0.0%) parse-loop12 ...s/racket/match/compiler.rkt:410:15 loop [82] 52.2% f37 [79] 47.8% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- hash-update! [64] 100.0% [70] 398(1.3%) 0(0.0%) ??? .../ztatlock/herbie/src/core/egraph.rkt:225:24 for-loop [80] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- approximate9 [55] 50.0% hash-ref! [63] 50.0% [71] 396(1.2%) 0(0.0%) taylor ...tatlock/herbie/src/core/taylor.rkt:157:0 debug-print [77] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- hash-ref! [63] 100.0% [72] 200(0.6%) 0(0.0%) taylor-sqrt ...ck/herbie/src/core/taylor.rkt:346:0 hash-ref! [63] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- hash-ref! [63] 100.0% [73] 200(0.6%) 0(0.0%) ??? ...e/ztatlock/herbie/src/core/taylor.rkt:42:15 hash-ref! [63] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- loop [62] 100.0% [74] 198(0.6%) 0(0.0%) for-loop ...ock/herbie/src/core/simplify.rkt:161:2 setfindf [83] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [65] 100.0% [75] 10294(32.4%) 1062(3.3%) ??? ...acket/collects/racket/private/kw.rkt:400:14 bffma [84] 55.4% ??? [94] 23.0% bf* [90] 4.5% ...ow-val-first.rkt:357:18 [91] 4.4% ...higher-order.rkt:373:33 [89] 2.3% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [65] 36.5% loop [62] 63.5% [76] 8386(26.4%) 5806(18.3%) real->bigfloat .../private/bigfloat/mpfr.rkt:451:0 ??? [99] 30.8% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- for-loop [25] 33.3% taylor [71] 66.7% [77] 594(1.9%) 0(0.0%) debug-print ...ztatlock/herbie/src/debug.rkt:107:0 for-loop [86] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- loop [62] 49.1% ??? [65] 50.9% [78] 424(1.3%) 424(1.3%) new ...cket/contract/private/case-arrow.rkt:227:53 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- composed [87] 16.3% parse-loop12 [69] 16.3% hash-ref! [63] 25.6% simplify [68] 41.9% [79] 410(1.3%) 0(0.0%) f37 ...t/collects/racket/match/compiler.rkt:499:40 composed [87] 41.9% loop [62] 25.6% map [58] 16.3% append-map [27] 16.3% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [70] 100.0% [80] 398(1.3%) 398(1.3%) for-loop ...lock/herbie/src/core/egraph.rkt:226:26 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- completely-simplify-alt [4] 49.5% simplify [68] 50.5% [81] 396(1.2%) 0(0.0%) debug7 /home/ztatlock/herbie/src/debug.rkt:102:0 ??? [88] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- parse-loop12 [69] 1.3% loop [82] 98.7% [82] 218(0.7%) 0(0.0%) loop ...cket/collects/racket/private/map.rkt:37:19 loop [82] 98.7% ->flonum [85] 1.3% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- for-loop [74] 100.0% [83] 198(0.6%) 198(0.6%) setfindf ...e/ztatlock/herbie/src/common.rkt:173:0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [75] 100.0% [84] 5698(17.9%) 0(0.0%) bffma ...atlock/herbie/src/syntax/syntax.rkt:122:0 bf* [90] 82.7% ...ow-val-first.rkt:357:18 [91] 17.3% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [65] 31.1% loop [82] 34.3% loop [62] 34.6% [85] 636(2.0%) 438(1.4%) ->flonum ...ock/herbie/src/syntax/syntax.rkt:224:0 ??? [93] 31.1% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- debug-print [77] 100.0% [86] 594(1.9%) 594(1.9%) for-loop /home/ztatlock/herbie/src/debug.rkt:113:2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- f37 [79] 100.0% [87] 410(1.3%) 210(0.7%) composed ...ollects/racket/private/list.rkt:321:16 f37 [79] 48.8% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- debug7 [81] 100.0% [88] 396(1.2%) 0(0.0%) ??? ...racket/collects/racket/private/kw.rkt:713:9 ??? [92] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [75] 100.0% [89] 240(0.8%) 0(0.0%) ...higher-order.rkt:373:33 (unknown source) ??? [95] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [75] 9.0% bffma [84] 91.0% [90] 5180(16.3%) 0(0.0%) bf* ...ath/private/bigfloat/bigfloat-mpfr.rkt:95:0 ??? [94] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [75] 31.8% bffma [84] 68.2% [91] 1442(4.5%) 0(0.0%) ...ow-val-first.rkt:357:18 (unknown source) ??? [95] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [88] 100.0% [92] 396(1.2%) 396(1.2%) ??? ...s/racket/contract/private/arr-i.rkt:1233:27 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ->flonum [85] 100.0% [93] 198(0.6%) 198(0.6%) ??? /home/ztatlock/herbie/src/config.rkt:29:0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [75] 31.4% bf* [90] 68.6% [94] 7550(23.7%) 904(2.8%) ??? ...-racket/utils/simple-result-arrow.rkt:26:12 bfmul [97] 50.5% ??? [98] 37.5% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ...higher-order.rkt:373:33 [89] 14.3% ...ow-val-first.rkt:357:18 [91] 85.7% [95] 1682(5.3%) 0(0.0%) ??? ...cts/racket/contract/private/list.rkt:187:10 ??? [96] 100.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [65] 5.3% ??? [95] 36.0% loop [62] 58.7% [96] 4674(14.7%) 214(0.7%) ??? ...ects/racket/contract/private/guts.rkt:638:8 ??? [98] 95.4% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [94] 100.0% [97] 3816(12.0%) 1890(5.9%) bfmul ...-lib/math/private/bigfloat/mpfr.rkt:819:4 ??? [99] 50.5% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [94] 38.8% ??? [96] 61.2% [98] 7290(22.9%) 3960(12.5%) ??? ...tract/private/arrow-higher-order.rkt:373:33 ??? [100] 39.5% ??? [101] 6.2% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- bfmul [97] 42.7% real->bigfloat [76] 57.3% [99] 4506(14.2%) 4506(14.2%) ??? .../share/racket/collects/ffi/unsafe.rkt:861:4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [98] 100.0% [100] 2878(9.1%) 2100(6.6%) ??? ...llects/racket/contract/combinator.rkt:178:4 any-wrap/traverse [102] 27.0% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [98] 100.0% [101] 452(1.4%) 452(1.4%) ??? ...ects/racket/contract/private/prop.rkt:489:4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ??? [100] 100.0% [102] 778(2.4%) 778(2.4%) any-wrap/traverse ...cket/utils/any-wrap.rkt:106:2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------