\[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
Test:
NMSE problem 3.3.5
Bits:
128 bits
Bits error versus x
Bits error versus eps
Time: 21.5 s
Input Error: 17.5
Output Error: 2.8
Log:
Profile: 🕒
\(\begin{cases} \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 - {\left(\cos x\right)}^3}{(\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) * \left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\cos x\right))_* - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right))_*}\right)}^3} & \text{when } \varepsilon \le -1.9517138f-10 \\ \left({x}^3 \cdot \frac{1}{6} - (\frac{1}{2} * \varepsilon + x)_*\right) \cdot \varepsilon & \text{when } \varepsilon \le 0.0017607713f0 \\ \frac{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^3 - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{(\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) * \left((\left(\sin x\right) * \left(\sin \varepsilon\right) + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right))_*\right) + \left({\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2\right))_*} - \cos x & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\)

    if eps < -1.9517138f-10

    1. Started with
      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
      16.5
    2. Using strategy rm
      16.5
    3. Applied cos-sum to get
      \[\color{red}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]
      2.9
    4. Using strategy rm
      2.9
    5. Applied flip3-- to get
      \[\color{red}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) - \cos x} \leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - {\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\cos x\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x\right)}}\]
      4.2
    6. Applied simplify to get
      \[\frac{\color{red}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - {\left(\cos x\right)}^{3}}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\cos x\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x\right)} \leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)}^3 - {\left(\cos x\right)}^3}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\cos x\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x\right)}\]
      2.9
    7. Applied simplify to get
      \[\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)}^3 - {\left(\cos x\right)}^3}{\color{red}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\cos x\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x\right)}} \leadsto \frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)}^3 - {\left(\cos x\right)}^3}{\color{blue}{(\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) * \left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\cos x\right))_* - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right))_*}}\]
      3.0
    8. Using strategy rm
      3.0
    9. Applied add-cbrt-cube to get
      \[\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)}^3 - {\left(\cos x\right)}^3}{\color{red}{(\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) * \left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\cos x\right))_* - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right))_*}} \leadsto \frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)}^3 - {\left(\cos x\right)}^3}{\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{{\left((\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) * \left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\cos x\right))_* - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right))_*\right)}^3}}}\]
      3.0
    10. Applied add-cbrt-cube to get
      \[\frac{\color{red}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)}^3 - {\left(\cos x\right)}^3}}{\sqrt[3]{{\left((\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) * \left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\cos x\right))_* - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right))_*\right)}^3}} \leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{{\left({\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)}^3 - {\left(\cos x\right)}^3\right)}^3}}}{\sqrt[3]{{\left((\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) * \left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\cos x\right))_* - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right))_*\right)}^3}}\]
      3.1
    11. Applied cbrt-undiv to get
      \[\color{red}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{{\left({\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)}^3 - {\left(\cos x\right)}^3\right)}^3}}{\sqrt[3]{{\left((\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) * \left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\cos x\right))_* - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right))_*\right)}^3}}} \leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{{\left({\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)}^3 - {\left(\cos x\right)}^3\right)}^3}{{\left((\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) * \left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\cos x\right))_* - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right))_*\right)}^3}}}\]
      3.0
    12. Applied simplify to get
      \[\sqrt[3]{\color{red}{\frac{{\left({\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)}^3 - {\left(\cos x\right)}^3\right)}^3}{{\left((\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) * \left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\cos x\right))_* - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right))_*\right)}^3}}} \leadsto \sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 - {\left(\cos x\right)}^3}{(\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) * \left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\cos x\right))_* - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos x\right))_*}\right)}^3}}\]
      3.0

    if -1.9517138f-10 < eps < 0.0017607713f0

    1. Started with
      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
      21.3
    2. Applied taylor to get
      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x \leadsto \frac{1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{3}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^2 + \varepsilon \cdot x\right)\]
      4.0
    3. Taylor expanded around 0 to get
      \[\color{red}{\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{3}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^2 + \varepsilon \cdot x\right)} \leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{3}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^2 + \varepsilon \cdot x\right)}\]
      4.0
    4. Applied simplify to get
      \[\color{red}{\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{3}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^2 + \varepsilon \cdot x\right)} \leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{6}\right) \cdot {x}^3 - \varepsilon \cdot (\frac{1}{2} * \varepsilon + x)_*}\]
      4.0
    5. Applied taylor to get
      \[\left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{6}\right) \cdot {x}^3 - \varepsilon \cdot (\frac{1}{2} * \varepsilon + x)_* \leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot {x}^3 - (\frac{1}{2} * \varepsilon + x)_*\right)\]
      4.0
    6. Taylor expanded around 0 to get
      \[\color{red}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot {x}^3 - (\frac{1}{2} * \varepsilon + x)_*\right)} \leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot {x}^3 - (\frac{1}{2} * \varepsilon + x)_*\right)}\]
      4.0
    7. Applied simplify to get
      \[\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot {x}^3 - (\frac{1}{2} * \varepsilon + x)_*\right) \leadsto \left({x}^3 \cdot \frac{1}{6} - (\frac{1}{2} * \varepsilon + x)_*\right) \cdot \varepsilon\]
      4.0

    8. Applied final simplification

    if 0.0017607713f0 < eps

    1. Started with
      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
      14.1
    2. Using strategy rm
      14.1
    3. Applied cos-sum to get
      \[\color{red}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]
      0.9
    4. Using strategy rm
      0.9
    5. Applied flip3-- to get
      \[\color{red}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)}} - \cos x\]
      1.3
    6. Applied simplify to get
      \[\frac{\color{red}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3 - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x\]
      0.9
    7. Applied taylor to get
      \[\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3 - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3 - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x\]
      0.9
    8. Taylor expanded around 0 to get
      \[\frac{\color{red}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x\]
      0.9
    9. Applied simplify to get
      \[\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3 - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \frac{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^3 - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{(\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) * \left((\left(\sin x\right) * \left(\sin \varepsilon\right) + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right))_*\right) + \left({\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2\right))_*} - \cos x\]
      1.1

    10. Applied final simplification

  1. Removed slow pow expressions

Original test:


(lambda ((x default) (eps default))
  #:name "NMSE problem 3.3.5"
  (- (cos (+ x eps)) (cos x)))