\[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
Test:
NMSE problem 3.3.5
Bits:
128 bits
Bits error versus x
Bits error versus eps
Time: 41.0 s
Input Error: 40.0
Output Error: 0.8
Log:
Profile: 🕒
\(\begin{cases} \frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x & \text{when } \varepsilon \le -6.974478371048821 \cdot 10^{-14} \\ \left(x \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 - \left((\left({\varepsilon}^2\right) * \frac{1}{2} + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3\right))_* + (\left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3\right) * \left({\varepsilon}^2\right) + \left(x \cdot \varepsilon\right))_*\right) & \text{when } \varepsilon \le 0.00018005451351709028 \\ \left(\frac{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^3}{(\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) + \left({\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2\right))_* + {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2} - \cos x\right) - \frac{{\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{(\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) + \left({\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2\right))_* + {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\)

    if eps < -6.974478371048821e-14

    1. Started with
      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
      30.8
    2. Using strategy rm
      30.8
    3. Applied cos-sum to get
      \[\color{red}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]
      2.0
    4. Using strategy rm
      2.0
    5. Applied flip3-- to get
      \[\color{red}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)}} - \cos x\]
      2.2
    6. Applied simplify to get
      \[\frac{\color{red}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3 - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x\]
      2.1
    7. Using strategy rm
      2.1
    8. Applied pow3 to get
      \[\frac{\color{red}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^{3}} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x\]
      2.2

    if -6.974478371048821e-14 < eps < 0.00018005451351709028

    1. Started with
      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
      49.8
    2. Using strategy rm
      49.8
    3. Applied cos-sum to get
      \[\color{red}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]
      49.7
    4. Using strategy rm
      49.7
    5. Applied flip3-- to get
      \[\color{red}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)}} - \cos x\]
      49.7
    6. Applied simplify to get
      \[\frac{\color{red}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3 - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x\]
      49.7
    7. Using strategy rm
      49.7
    8. Applied pow3 to get
      \[\frac{\color{red}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^{3}} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x\]
      49.7
    9. Applied taylor to get
      \[\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 \cdot x\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 + \left({\varepsilon}^2 \cdot {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 + \varepsilon \cdot x\right)\right)\right)\]
      0.0
    10. Taylor expanded around 0 to get
      \[\color{red}{\varepsilon \cdot \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 \cdot x\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 + \left({\varepsilon}^2 \cdot {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 + \varepsilon \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} \leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 \cdot x\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 + \left({\varepsilon}^2 \cdot {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 + \varepsilon \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}\]
      0.0
    11. Applied simplify to get
      \[\varepsilon \cdot \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 \cdot x\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 + \left({\varepsilon}^2 \cdot {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 + \varepsilon \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \leadsto \left(x \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3 - \left((\left({\varepsilon}^2\right) * \frac{1}{2} + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3\right))_* + (\left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3\right) * \left({\varepsilon}^2\right) + \left(x \cdot \varepsilon\right))_*\right)\]
      0.0

    12. Applied final simplification

    if 0.00018005451351709028 < eps

    1. Started with
      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
      30.5
    2. Using strategy rm
      30.5
    3. Applied cos-sum to get
      \[\color{red}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x\]
      0.9
    4. Using strategy rm
      0.9
    5. Applied flip3-- to get
      \[\color{red}{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)}} - \cos x\]
      1.1
    6. Applied simplify to get
      \[\frac{\color{red}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^{3}}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x \leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3 - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x\]
      1.0
    7. Using strategy rm
      1.0
    8. Applied add-cbrt-cube to get
      \[\color{red}{\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3 - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x} \leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3 - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x\right)}^3}}\]
      1.3
    9. Applied taylor to get
      \[\sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3 - {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left({\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)\right)} - \cos x\right)}^3} \leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\sin x \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)\right) + {\left(\sin x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^2\right)} - \left(\cos x + \frac{{\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\sin x \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)\right) + {\left(\sin x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^2\right)}\right)\right)}^3}\]
      1.4
    10. Taylor expanded around 0 to get
      \[\sqrt[3]{\color{red}{{\left(\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\sin x \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)\right) + {\left(\sin x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^2\right)} - \left(\cos x + \frac{{\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\sin x \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)\right) + {\left(\sin x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^2\right)}\right)\right)}^3}} \leadsto \sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\sin x \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)\right) + {\left(\sin x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^2\right)} - \left(\cos x + \frac{{\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\sin x \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)\right) + {\left(\sin x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^2\right)}\right)\right)}^3}}\]
      1.4
    11. Applied simplify to get
      \[\sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\sin x \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)\right) + {\left(\sin x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^2\right)} - \left(\cos x + \frac{{\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^2 + \left(\sin x \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)\right) + {\left(\sin x\right)}^2 \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^2\right)}\right)\right)}^3} \leadsto \left(\frac{{\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^3}{(\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) + \left({\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2\right))_* + {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2} - \cos x\right) - \frac{{\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^3}{(\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right) * \left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) + \left({\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right)}^2\right))_* + {\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)}^2}\]
      1.0

    12. Applied final simplification

  1. Removed slow pow expressions

Original test:


(lambda ((x default) (eps default))
  #:name "NMSE problem 3.3.5"
  (- (cos (+ x eps)) (cos x)))